Table 3 Biomarker panel and algorithms
From: New insights into biomarkers and risk stratification to predict hepatocellular cancer
Biomarker panel | Study type, No. of subjects, and Biomarker development phase | Sensitivity (%) | Specificity (%) | Cut-off | AUROC | Ref. | Notes* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GALAD | Prospective (n = 534), phase 3 | 30.0-32.4 | 90 | (-0.03)-0 | 0.75–0.79 | PMID: 35124267 Tayob et al. 2023 | Cirrhosis any etiology, HCC |
GAAD (combing age, sex, AFP, DCP) | Prospective (n = 1084), phase 2 | 71.8 | 90 | 2.57 | 0.907 | PMID: 37938100 Piratvisuth et al. 2023 | Chronic liver disease (> 77% viral etiology), HCC |
GALAD, Single-timepoint | Prospective (n = 397), transition from phase 2 to 3 | 53.8 | 90 | -0.33 | 0.78 | PMID: 34618932 Singal et al. 2022b | Cirrhosis any etiology, HCC |
GALAD, longitudinal | Prospective (n = 397), transition from phase 2 to 3 | 69.2 | 90 | -0.33 | 0.83 | PMID: 34618932 Singal et al. 2022b | Cirrhosis any etiology, HCC |
GALAD | Prospective (n = 288), phase 3 | 65.8 | 71.7 | -0.63 | 0.69 | PMID: 37708457 Beudeker et al. 2023 | European cirrhosis and HCC |
GALAD | Prospective (n = 284), phase 3 | 69.8 | 82.9 | -0.63 | 0.76 | PMID: 37708457 Beudeker et al. 2023 | Latin America cirrhosis and HCC |
GALAD | Prospective (n = 2331), phase 3 | 40 | 90 | -0.38 | 0.76 | PMID: 38899967 El-Serag et al., 2024 | Cirrhosis any etiology, HCC |
GALAD | Retro/prospective (n = 437), phase 2 | 72 | 86 | -0.63 | 0.87 | PMID: 32889146 Chalasani et al. 2021 | Liver disease any etiology (> 87.4 cirrhosis) and HCC |
Doylestown | Prospective (n = 120) | 50 | 90 | 0.5 | 0.98 | PMID: 30169533 Mehta et al. 2018 | Cirrhosis with any etiology |
HES | Prospective (n = 397), transition from phase 2 to 3 | 34.6 | 90 | 10.05 | 0.71 | PMID: 34618932 Singal et al. 2022b | Cirrhosis any etiology, HCC |
HES | Prospective (n = 534), phase 3 | 36.7–41.2 | 90 | 7.94–8.03 | 0.76–0.82 | PMID: 35124267 Tayob et al. 2023 | Cirrhosis any etiology, HCC |
HES V2.0 | Prospective (n = 2331), phase 3 | 47.2 | 90 | 1.27 | 0.77 | PMID: 38899967 El-Serag et al., 2024 | Cirrhosis any etiology, HCC |
5hmc markers (wd-score) | Prospective (n = 1120), phase 2 | 82.7 | 67.4 | 27.9 | 0.846 | PMID: 31358576 Cai et al. 2019 | HBV, cirrhosis and HCC |
Multi-target panel (methylated DNA plus protein) | Retro/prospective (n = 437), phase 2 | 80 | 90 | 67 | 0.92 | PMID: 32889146 Chalasani et al. 2021 | Liver disease any etiology (> 87.4 cirrhosis) and HCC |